Issue #2142107 by drunken monkey, gilsbert, David_Rothstein, mondrake, Kristi Wachter: Complex cloned query dependent on __toString() call

(cherry picked from commit 74ba0f68)

(cherry picked from commit 3b3eda50)

Issue #2901562 by mfernea, Jo Fitzgerald, Yogesh Pawar, 3ssom, Mile23, borisson_: Fix 'Squiz.WhiteSpace.SuperfluousWhitespace' coding standard

Issue #2776975 by joelpittet, dawehner, tim.plunkett, xjm, pfrenssen: March 3, 2017: Convert core to array syntax coding standards for Drupal 8.3.x RC phase

SA-CORE-2016-005 by larowlan, xjm, David_Rothstein, Dave Reid, Crell, cilefen, alexpott, mlhess, catch, pwolanin, YesCT, dawehner, quicksketch, Heine, znerol, charlotte.b, jnicola, ezraw

(cherry picked from commit c5da97f9)

Issue #1145076 by daffie, David_Rothstein, johnnydarkko, cbergmann, drewish, rpayanm, somersoft, jhedstrom: UNION queries don't support ORDER BY clauses

Issue #1806606 by daffie, Jorrit: Drupal\Core\Database\Query\Select::range() doesn't correctly implement SelectInterface

Issue #2665992 by alexpott, klausi, heykarthikwithu, xjm, tstoeckler: @file is not required for classes, interfaces and traits

Issue #1897058 by disasm, rteijeiro: Replace "boolean" with "bool" when used as param/return/var type

Issue #2358079 by pwolanin, Berdir: Require a specific placeholder format in db_query() in order to trigger argument expansion, and require explicit 'IN' parameter for conditions

Issue #2068655 by Berdir, chx, martin107, longwave, webflo, damiankloip, lokapujya, JacobSanford: Entity fields do not support case sensitive queries

Issue #2045927 by herom, martin107, ianthomas_uk, Xano, michaellander, Sutharsan: Replace all drupal_alter() deprecated function calls.

Issue #2057809 by StephaneQ, Berdir, chx, dawehner: Fix up param/return documentation in database API

Issue #2060821 by legolasbo: Remove Unused local variable  from /core/lib/Drupal/Core/Database/Query/Select.php.

Issue #1889328 by gielfeldt, gumanist: Fixed Not all objects respect the query option throw_exception.

Issue #1145080 by David_Rothstein, Noe_, drewish, hosef, bigjim: Fixed SelectQuery::countQuery() incompatible with UNION queries.

Initial move and rename of database classes to PSR-0 namespaces.  So far only MySQL has been converted.