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<?php
namespace Drupal\Core\Database\Query;
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use Drupal\Core\Database\Connection;
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/**
* Interface definition for a Select Query object.
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*
* @ingroup database
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*/
interface SelectInterface extends ConditionInterface, AlterableInterface, ExtendableInterface, PlaceholderInterface {
/* Alter accessors to expose the query data to alter hooks. */
/**
* Returns a reference to the fields array for this query.
*
* Because this method returns by reference, alter hooks may edit the fields
* array directly to make their changes. If just adding fields, however, the
* use of addField() is preferred.
*
* Note that this method must be called by reference as well:
*
* @code
* $fields =& $query->getFields();
* @endcode
*
* @return
* A reference to the fields array structure.
*/
public function &getFields();
/**
* Returns a reference to the expressions array for this query.
*
* Because this method returns by reference, alter hooks may edit the expressions
* array directly to make their changes. If just adding expressions, however, the
* use of addExpression() is preferred.
*
* Note that this method must be called by reference as well:
*
* @code
* $fields =& $query->getExpressions();
* @endcode
*
* @return
* A reference to the expression array structure.
*/
public function &getExpressions();
/**
* Returns a reference to the order by array for this query.
*
* Because this method returns by reference, alter hooks may edit the order-by
* array directly to make their changes. If just adding additional ordering
* fields, however, the use of orderBy() is preferred.
*
* Note that this method must be called by reference as well:
*
* @code
* $fields =& $query->getOrderBy();
* @endcode
*
* @return
* A reference to the expression array structure.
*/
public function &getOrderBy();
/**
* Returns a reference to the group-by array for this query.
*
* Because this method returns by reference, alter hooks may edit the group-by
* array directly to make their changes. If just adding additional grouping
* fields, however, the use of groupBy() is preferred.
*
* Note that this method must be called by reference as well:
*
* @code
* $fields =& $query->getGroupBy();
* @endcode
*
* @return
* A reference to the group-by array structure.
*/
public function &getGroupBy();
/**
* Returns a reference to the tables array for this query.
*
* Because this method returns by reference, alter hooks may edit the tables
* array directly to make their changes. If just adding tables, however, the
* use of the join() methods is preferred.
*
* Note that this method must be called by reference as well:
*
* @code
* $fields =& $query->getTables();
* @endcode
*
* @return
* A reference to the tables array structure.
*/
public function &getTables();
/**
* Returns a reference to the union queries for this query. This include
* queries for UNION, UNION ALL, and UNION DISTINCT.
*
* Because this method returns by reference, alter hooks may edit the tables
* array directly to make their changes. If just adding union queries,
* however, the use of the union() method is preferred.
*
* Note that this method must be called by reference as well:
*
* @code
* $fields =& $query->getUnion();
* @endcode
*
* @return
* A reference to the union query array structure.
*/
public function &getUnion();
/**
* Escapes characters that work as wildcard characters in a LIKE pattern.
*
* @param $string
* The string to escape.
*
* @return string
* The escaped string.
*
* @see \Drupal\Core\Database\Connection::escapeLike()
*/
public function escapeLike($string);
/**
* Escapes a field name string.
*
* Force all field names to be strictly alphanumeric-plus-underscore.
* For some database drivers, it may also wrap the field name in
* database-specific escape characters.
*
* @param string $string
* An unsanitized field name.
*
* @return
* The sanitized field name string.
*/
public function escapeField($string);
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/**
* Compiles and returns an associative array of the arguments for this prepared statement.
*
* @param $queryPlaceholder
* When collecting the arguments of a subquery, the main placeholder
* object should be passed as this parameter.
*
* @return
* An associative array of all placeholder arguments for this query.
*/
public function getArguments(PlaceholderInterface $queryPlaceholder = NULL);
/* Query building operations */
/**
* Sets this query to be DISTINCT.
*
* @param $distinct
* TRUE to flag this query DISTINCT, FALSE to disable it.
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* @return \Drupal\Core\Database\Query\SelectInterface
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* The called object.
*/
public function distinct($distinct = TRUE);
/**
* Adds a field to the list to be SELECTed.
*
* @param $table_alias
* The name of the table from which the field comes, as an alias. Generally
* you will want to use the return value of join() here to ensure that it is
* valid.
* @param $field
* The name of the field.
* @param $alias
* The alias for this field. If not specified, one will be generated
* automatically based on the $table_alias and $field. The alias will be
* checked for uniqueness, so the requested alias may not be the alias
* that is assigned in all cases.
* @return
* The unique alias that was assigned for this field.
*/
public function addField($table_alias, $field, $alias = NULL);
/**
* Add multiple fields from the same table to be SELECTed.
*
* This method does not return the aliases set for the passed fields. In the
* majority of cases that is not a problem, as the alias will be the field
* name. However, if you do need to know the alias you can call getFields()
* and examine the result to determine what alias was created. Alternatively,
* simply use addField() for the few fields you care about and this method for
* the rest.
*
* @param $table_alias
* The name of the table from which the field comes, as an alias. Generally
* you will want to use the return value of join() here to ensure that it is
* valid.
* @param $fields
* An indexed array of fields present in the specified table that should be
* included in this query. If not specified, $table_alias.* will be generated
* without any aliases.
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* @return \Drupal\Core\Database\Query\SelectInterface
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* The called object.
*/
public function fields($table_alias, array $fields = array());
/**
* Adds an expression to the list of "fields" to be SELECTed.
*
* An expression can be any arbitrary string that is valid SQL. That includes
* various functions, which may in some cases be database-dependent. This
* method makes no effort to correct for database-specific functions.
*
* @param $expression
* The expression string. May contain placeholders.
* @param $alias
* The alias for this expression. If not specified, one will be generated
* automatically in the form "expression_#". The alias will be checked for
* uniqueness, so the requested alias may not be the alias that is assigned
* in all cases.
* @param $arguments
* Any placeholder arguments needed for this expression.
* @return
* The unique alias that was assigned for this expression.
*/
public function addExpression($expression, $alias = NULL, $arguments = array());
/**
* Default Join against another table in the database.
*
* This method is a convenience method for innerJoin().
*
* @param $table
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* The table against which to join. May be a string or another SelectQuery
* object. If a query object is passed, it will be used as a subselect.
* Unless the table name starts with the database / schema name and a dot
* it will be prefixed.
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* @param $alias
* The alias for the table. In most cases this should be the first letter
* of the table, or the first letter of each "word" in the table.
* @param $condition
* The condition on which to join this table. If the join requires values,
* this clause should use a named placeholder and the value or values to
* insert should be passed in the 4th parameter. For the first table joined
* on a query, this value is ignored as the first table is taken as the base
* table. The token %alias can be used in this string to be replaced with
* the actual alias. This is useful when $alias is modified by the database
* system, for example, when joining the same table more than once.
* @param $arguments
* An array of arguments to replace into the $condition of this join.
* @return
* The unique alias that was assigned for this table.
*/
public function join($table, $alias = NULL, $condition = NULL, $arguments = array());
/**
* Inner Join against another table in the database.
*
* @param $table
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* The table against which to join. May be a string or another SelectQuery
* object. If a query object is passed, it will be used as a subselect.
* Unless the table name starts with the database / schema name and a dot
* it will be prefixed.
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* @param $alias
* The alias for the table. In most cases this should be the first letter
* of the table, or the first letter of each "word" in the table.
* @param $condition
* The condition on which to join this table. If the join requires values,
* this clause should use a named placeholder and the value or values to
* insert should be passed in the 4th parameter. For the first table joined
* on a query, this value is ignored as the first table is taken as the base
* table. The token %alias can be used in this string to be replaced with
* the actual alias. This is useful when $alias is modified by the database
* system, for example, when joining the same table more than once.
* @param $arguments
* An array of arguments to replace into the $condition of this join.
* @return
* The unique alias that was assigned for this table.
*/
public function innerJoin($table, $alias = NULL, $condition = NULL, $arguments = array());
/**
* Left Outer Join against another table in the database.
*
* @param $table
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* The table against which to join. May be a string or another SelectQuery
* object. If a query object is passed, it will be used as a subselect.
* Unless the table name starts with the database / schema name and a dot
* it will be prefixed.
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* @param $alias
* The alias for the table. In most cases this should be the first letter
* of the table, or the first letter of each "word" in the table.
* @param $condition
* The condition on which to join this table. If the join requires values,
* this clause should use a named placeholder and the value or values to
* insert should be passed in the 4th parameter. For the first table joined
* on a query, this value is ignored as the first table is taken as the base
* table. The token %alias can be used in this string to be replaced with
* the actual alias. This is useful when $alias is modified by the database
* system, for example, when joining the same table more than once.
* @param $arguments
* An array of arguments to replace into the $condition of this join.
* @return
* The unique alias that was assigned for this table.
*/
public function leftJoin($table, $alias = NULL, $condition = NULL, $arguments = array());
/**
* Right Outer Join against another table in the database.
*
* @param $table
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* The table against which to join. May be a string or another SelectQuery
* object. If a query object is passed, it will be used as a subselect.
* Unless the table name starts with the database / schema name and a dot
* it will be prefixed.
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* @param $alias
* The alias for the table. In most cases this should be the first letter
* of the table, or the first letter of each "word" in the table.
* @param $condition
* The condition on which to join this table. If the join requires values,
* this clause should use a named placeholder and the value or values to
* insert should be passed in the 4th parameter. For the first table joined
* on a query, this value is ignored as the first table is taken as the base
* table. The token %alias can be used in this string to be replaced with
* the actual alias. This is useful when $alias is modified by the database
* system, for example, when joining the same table more than once.
* @param $arguments
* An array of arguments to replace into the $condition of this join.
* @return
* The unique alias that was assigned for this table.
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*
* @deprecated as of Drupal 8.1.x, will be removed in Drupal 9.0.0. Instead,
* change the query to use leftJoin(). For instance:
* db_query('A')->rightJoin('B') is identical to
* db_query('B')->leftJoin('A'). This functionality has been deprecated
* because SQLite does not support it.
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*/
public function rightJoin($table, $alias = NULL, $condition = NULL, $arguments = array());
/**
* Join against another table in the database.
*
* This method does the "hard" work of queuing up a table to be joined against.
* In some cases, that may include dipping into the Schema API to find the necessary
* fields on which to join.
*
* @param $type
* The type of join. Typically one one of INNER, LEFT OUTER, and RIGHT OUTER.
* @param $table
* The table against which to join. May be a string or another SelectQuery
* object. If a query object is passed, it will be used as a subselect.
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* Unless the table name starts with the database / schema name and a dot
* it will be prefixed.
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* @param $alias
* The alias for the table. In most cases this should be the first letter
* of the table, or the first letter of each "word" in the table. If omitted,
* one will be dynamically generated.
* @param $condition
* The condition on which to join this table. If the join requires values,
* this clause should use a named placeholder and the value or values to
* insert should be passed in the 4th parameter. For the first table joined
* on a query, this value is ignored as the first table is taken as the base
* table. The token %alias can be used in this string to be replaced with
* the actual alias. This is useful when $alias is modified by the database
* system, for example, when joining the same table more than once.
* @param $arguments
* An array of arguments to replace into the $condition of this join.
* @return
* The unique alias that was assigned for this table.
*/
public function addJoin($type, $table, $alias = NULL, $condition = NULL, $arguments = array());
/**
* Orders the result set by a given field.
*
* If called multiple times, the query will order by each specified field in the
* order this method is called.
*
* If the query uses DISTINCT or GROUP BY conditions, fields or expressions
* that are used for the order must be selected to be compatible with some
* databases like PostgreSQL. The PostgreSQL driver can handle simple cases
* automatically but it is suggested to explicitly specify them. Additionally,
* when ordering on an alias, the alias must be added before orderBy() is
* called.
*
* @param $field
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* The field on which to order. The field is escaped for security so only
* valid field and alias names are possible. To order by an expression, add
* the expression with addExpression() first and then use the alias to order
* on.
*
* Example:
* <code>
* $query->addExpression('SUBSTRING(thread, 1, (LENGTH(thread) - 1))', 'order_field');
* $query->orderBy('order_field', 'ASC');
* </code>
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* @param $direction
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* The direction to sort. Legal values are "ASC" and "DESC". Any other value
* will be converted to "ASC".
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* @return \Drupal\Core\Database\Query\SelectInterface
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* The called object.
*/
public function orderBy($field, $direction = 'ASC');
/**
* Orders the result set by a random value.
*
* This may be stacked with other orderBy() calls. If so, the query will order
* by each specified field, including this one, in the order called. Although
* this method may be called multiple times on the same query, doing so
* is not particularly useful.
*
* Note: The method used by most drivers may not scale to very large result
* sets. If you need to work with extremely large data sets, you may create
* your own database driver by subclassing off of an existing driver and
* implementing your own randomization mechanism. See
*
* http://jan.kneschke.de/projects/mysql/order-by-rand/
*
* for an example of such an alternate sorting mechanism.
*
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* @return \Drupal\Core\Database\Query\SelectInterface
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* The called object
*/
public function orderRandom();
/**
* Restricts a query to a given range in the result set.
*
* If this method is called with no parameters, will remove any range
* directives that have been set.
*
* @param $start
* The first record from the result set to return. If NULL, removes any
* range directives that are set.
* @param $length
* The number of records to return from the result set.
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* @return \Drupal\Core\Database\Query\SelectInterface
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* The called object.
*/
public function range($start = NULL, $length = NULL);
/**
* Add another Select query to UNION to this one.
*
* Union queries consist of two or more queries whose
* results are effectively concatenated together. Queries
* will be UNIONed in the order they are specified, with
* this object's query coming first. Duplicate columns will
* be discarded. All forms of UNION are supported, using
* the second '$type' argument.
*
* Note: All queries UNIONed together must have the same
* field structure, in the same order. It is up to the
* caller to ensure that they match properly. If they do
* not, an SQL syntax error will result.
*
* @param $query
* The query to UNION to this query.
* @param $type
* The type of UNION to add to the query. Defaults to plain
* UNION.
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* @return \Drupal\Core\Database\Query\SelectInterface
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* The called object.
*/
public function union(SelectInterface $query, $type = '');
/**
* Groups the result set by the specified field.
*
* @param $field
* The field on which to group. This should be the field as aliased.
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* @return \Drupal\Core\Database\Query\SelectInterface
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* The called object.
*/
public function groupBy($field);
/**
* Get the equivalent COUNT query of this query as a new query object.
*
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* @return \Drupal\Core\Database\Query\SelectInterface
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* A new SelectQuery object with no fields or expressions besides COUNT(*).
*/
public function countQuery();
/**
* Indicates if preExecute() has already been called on that object.
*
* @return
* TRUE is this query has already been prepared, FALSE otherwise.
*/
public function isPrepared();
/**
* Generic preparation and validation for a SELECT query.
*
* @return
* TRUE if the validation was successful, FALSE if not.
*/
public function preExecute(SelectInterface $query = NULL);
/**
* Runs the query against the database.
*
* @return \Drupal\Core\Database\StatementInterface|null
* A prepared statement, or NULL if the query is not valid.
*/
public function execute();
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/**
* Helper function to build most common HAVING conditional clauses.
*
* This method can take a variable number of parameters. If called with two
* parameters, they are taken as $field and $value with $operator having a value
* of IN if $value is an array and = otherwise.
*
* @param $field
* The name of the field to check. If you would like to add a more complex
* condition involving operators or functions, use having().
* @param $value
* The value to test the field against. In most cases, this is a scalar. For more
* complex options, it is an array. The meaning of each element in the array is
* dependent on the $operator.
* @param $operator
* The comparison operator, such as =, <, or >=. It also accepts more complex
* options such as IN, LIKE, or BETWEEN. Defaults to IN if $value is an array
* = otherwise.
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* @return \Drupal\Core\Database\Query\ConditionInterface
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* The called object.
*/
public function havingCondition($field, $value = NULL, $operator = NULL);
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/**
* Gets a list of all conditions in the HAVING clause.
*
* This method returns by reference. That allows alter hooks to access the
* data structure directly and manipulate it before it gets compiled.
*
* @return array
* An array of conditions.
*
* @see \Drupal\Core\Database\Query\ConditionInterface::conditions()
*/
public function &havingConditions();
/**
* Gets a list of all values to insert into the HAVING clause.
*
* @return array
* An associative array of placeholders and values.
*/
public function havingArguments();
/**
* Adds an arbitrary HAVING clause to the query.
*
* @param $snippet
* A portion of a HAVING clause as a prepared statement. It must use named
* placeholders, not ? placeholders.
* @param $args
* (optional) An associative array of arguments.
*
* @return $this
*/
public function having($snippet, $args = array());
/**
* Compiles the HAVING clause for later retrieval.
*
* @param $connection
* The database connection for which to compile the clause.
*/
public function havingCompile(Connection $connection);
/**
* Sets a condition in the HAVING clause that the specified field be NULL.
*
* @param $field
* The name of the field to check.
*
* @return $this
*/
public function havingIsNull($field);
/**
* Sets a condition in the HAVING clause that the specified field be NOT NULL.
*
* @param $field
* The name of the field to check.
*
* @return $this
*/
public function havingIsNotNull($field);
/**
* Sets a HAVING condition that the specified subquery returns values.
*
* @param \Drupal\Core\Database\Query\SelectInterface $select
* The subquery that must contain results.
*
* @return $this
*/
public function havingExists(SelectInterface $select);
/**
* Sets a HAVING condition that the specified subquery returns no values.
*
* @param \Drupal\Core\Database\Query\SelectInterface $select
* The subquery that must contain results.
*
* @return $this
*/
public function havingNotExists(SelectInterface $select);
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/**
* Clone magic method.
*
* Select queries have dependent objects that must be deep-cloned. The
* connection object itself, however, should not be cloned as that would
* duplicate the connection itself.
*/
public function __clone();
/**
* Add FOR UPDATE to the query.
*
* FOR UPDATE prevents the rows retrieved by the SELECT statement from being
* modified or deleted by other transactions until the current transaction
* ends. Other transactions that attempt UPDATE, DELETE, or SELECT FOR UPDATE
* of these rows will be blocked until the current transaction ends.
*
* @param $set
* IF TRUE, FOR UPDATE will be added to the query, if FALSE then it won't.
*
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* @return \Drupal\Core\Database\Query\ConditionInterface
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* The called object.
*/
public function forUpdate($set = TRUE);
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/**
* Returns a string representation of how the query will be executed in SQL.
*
* @return string
* The Select Query object expressed as a string.
*/
public function __toString();