form.inc

<?php
// $Id$

/**
 * @defgroup forms Form builder functions
 * @{
 * Functions that build an abstract representation of a HTML form.
 *
 * All modules should declare their form builder functions to be in this
 * group and each builder function should reference its validate and submit
 * functions using \@see. Conversely, validate and submit functions should
 * reference the form builder function using \@see. For examples, of this see
 * system_modules_uninstall() or user_pass(), the latter of which has the
 * following in its doxygen documentation:
 *
 * \@ingroup forms
 * \@see user_pass_validate().
 * \@see user_pass_submit().
 *
 * @} End of "defgroup forms".
 */

/**
 * @defgroup form_api Form generation
 * @{
 * Functions to enable the processing and display of HTML forms.
 *
 * Drupal uses these functions to achieve consistency in its form processing and
 * presentation, while simplifying code and reducing the amount of HTML that
 * must be explicitly generated by modules.
 *
 * The primary function used with forms is drupal_get_form(), which is
 * used for forms presented interactively to a user. Forms can also be built and
 * submitted programmatically without any user input using the
 * drupal_form_submit() function.
 *
 * drupal_get_form() handles retrieving, processing, and displaying a rendered
 * HTML form for modules automatically.
 *
 * Here is an example of how to use drupal_get_form() and a form builder
 * function:
 * @code
 * $form = drupal_get_form('my_module_example_form');
 * ...
 * function my_module_example_form($form, &$form_state) {
 *   $form['submit'] = array(
 *     '#type' => 'submit',
 *     '#value' => t('Submit'),
 *   );
 *   return $form;
 * }
 * function my_module_example_form_validate($form, &$form_state) {
 *   // Validation logic.
 * }
 * function my_module_example_form_submit($form, &$form_state) {
 *   // Submission logic.
 * }
 * @endcode
 *
 * Or with any number of additional arguments:
 * @code
 * $extra = "extra";
 * $form = drupal_get_form('my_module_example_form', $extra);
 * ...
 * function my_module_example_form($form, &$form_state, $extra) {
 *   $form['submit'] = array(
 *     '#type' => 'submit',
 *     '#value' => $extra,
 *   );
 *   return $form;
 * }
 * @endcode
 *
 * The $form argument to form-related functions is a structured array containing
 * the elements and properties of the form. For information on the array
 * components and format, and more detailed explanations of the Form API
 * workflow, see the
 * @link http://api.drupal.org/api/drupal/developer--topics--forms_api_reference.html Form API reference @endlink
 * and the
 * @link http://drupal.org/node/37775 Form API section of the handbook. @endlink
 * In addition, there is a set of Form API tutorials in
 * @link form_example_tutorial.inc the Form Example Tutorial @endlink which
 * provide basics all the way up through multistep forms.
 *
 * In the form builder, validation, submission, and other form functions,
 * $form_state is the primary influence on the processing of the form and is
 * passed by reference to most functions, so they use it to communicate with
 * the form system and each other.
 *
 * The $form_state keys are:
 * - build_info: Do not change; internal information stored by Form API to be
 *   able to build and rebuild the form:
 *   - args: A list of arguments used to rebuild the form from cache.
 *   - files: A list of include files to be loaded to rebuild the form. See
 *     form_load_include().
 * - 'values': An associative array of values submitted to the form. The
 *   validation functions and submit functions use this array for nearly all
 *   their decision making. (Note that
 *   @link http://api.drupal.org/api/drupal/developer--topics--forms_api_reference.html/7#tree #tree @endlink
 *   determines whether the values are a flat array or an array whose structure
 *   parallels the $form array.)
 * - 'rebuild': If the submit function sets $form_state['rebuild'] to TRUE,
 *   submission is not completed and instead the form is rebuilt using any
 *   information that the submit function has made available to the form builder
 *   function via $form_state. This is commonly used for wizard-style
 *   multi-step forms, add-more buttons, and the like. For further information
 *   see drupal_build_form().
 * - 'redirect': a URL that will be used to redirect the form on submission.
 *   See drupal_redirect_form() for complete information.
 * - 'storage': $form_state['storage'] is not a special key, and no specific
 *   support is provided for it in the Form API, but by tradition it was
 *   the location where application-specific data was stored for communication
 *   between the submit, validation, and form builder functions, especially
 *   in a multi-step-style form. Form implementations may use any key(s) within
 *   $form_state (other than the keys listed here and other reserved ones used
 *   by Form API internals) for this kind of storage. The recommended way to
 *   ensure that the chosen key doesn't conflict with ones used by the Form API
 *   or other modules is to use the module name as the key name or a prefix for
 *   the key name. For example, the Node module uses $form_state['node'] in node
 *   editing forms to store information about the node being edited, and this
 *   information stays available across successive clicks of the "Preview"
 *   button as well as when the "Save" button is finally clicked.
 * - 'temporary': Since values for all non-reserved keys in $form_state persist
 *   throughout a multistep form sequence, the Form API provides the 'temporary'
 *   key for modules to use for communicating information across form-related
 *   functions during a single page request only. There is no use-case for this
 *   functionality in core.
 * - 'triggering_element': (read-only) The form element that triggered
 *   submission. This is the same as the deprecated
 *   $form_state['clicked_button']. It is the element that caused submission,
 *   which may or may not be a button (in the case of AJAX forms.) This is
 *   often used to distinguish between various buttons in a submit handler,
 *   and is also used in AJAX handlers.
 * - 'cache': The typical form workflow involves two page requests. During the
 *   first page request, a form is built and returned for the user to fill in.
 *   Then the user fills the form in and submits it, triggering a second page
 *   request in which the form must be built and processed. By default, $form
 *   and $form_state are built from scratch during each of these page requests.
 *   In some special use-cases, it is necessary or desired to persist the $form
 *   and $form_state variables from the initial page request to the one that
 *   processes the submission. A form builder function can set 'cache' to TRUE
 *   to do this. One example where this is needed is to handle AJAX submissions,
 *   so ajax_process_form() sets this for all forms that include an element with
 *   a #ajax property. (In AJAX, the handler has no way to build the form
 *   itself, so must rely on the cached version created on each page load, so
 *   it's a classic example of this use case.) Note that the persistence of
 *   $form and $form_state across successive submissions of a multi-step form
 *   happens automatically regardless of the value for 'cache'.
 * - 'input': The array of values as they were submitted by the user. These are
 *   raw and unvalidated, so should not be used without a thorough understanding
 *   of security implications. In almost all cases, code should use the data in
 *   the 'values' array exclusively. The most common use of this key is for
 *   multi-step forms that need to clear some of the user input when setting
 *   'rebuild'.
 */

/**
 * Wrapper for drupal_build_form() for use when $form_state is not needed.
 *
 * @param $form_id
 *   The unique string identifying the desired form. If a function with that
 *   name exists, it is called to build the form array. Modules that need to
 *   generate the same form (or very similar forms) using different $form_ids
 *   can implement hook_forms(), which maps different $form_id values to the
 *   proper form constructor function. Examples may be found in node_forms(),
 *   search_forms(), and user_forms().
 * @param ...
 *   Any additional arguments are passed on to the functions called by
 *   drupal_get_form(), including the unique form constructor function. For
 *   example, the node_edit form requires that a node object is passed in here
 *   when it is called. These are available to implementations of
 *   hook_form_alter() and hook_form_FORM_ID_alter() as the array
 *   $form_state['build_info']['args'].
 *
 * @return
 *   The form array.
 *
 * @see drupal_build_form()
 */
function drupal_get_form($form_id) {
  $form_state = array();

  $args = func_get_args();
  // Remove $form_id from the arguments.
  array_shift($args);
  $form_state['build_info']['args'] = $args;

  return drupal_build_form($form_id, $form_state);
}

/**
 * Build and process a form based on a form id.
 *
 * The form may also be retrieved from the cache if the form was built in a
 * previous page-load. The form is then passed on for processing, validation
 * and submission if there is proper input.
 *
 * @param $form_id
 *   The unique string identifying the desired form. If a function with that
 *   name exists, it is called to build the form array. Modules that need to
 *   generate the same form (or very similar forms) using different $form_ids
 *   can implement hook_forms(), which maps different $form_id values to the
 *   proper form constructor function. Examples may be found in node_forms(),
 *   search_forms(), and user_forms().
 * @param &$form_state
 *   An array which stores information about the form. This is passed as a
 *   reference so that the caller can use it to examine what in the form changed
 *   when the form submission process is complete. Furthermore, it may be used
 *   to store information related to the processed data in the form, which will
 *   persist across page requests when the 'cache' or 'rebuild' flag is set.
 *   The following parameters may be set in $form_state to affect how the form
 *   is rendered:
 *   - build_info: A keyed array of build information that is necessary to
 *     rebuild the form from cache when the original context may no longer be
 *     available:
 *     - args: An array of arguments to pass to the form builder.
 *     - files: An optional array defining include files that need to be loaded
 *       for building the form. Each array entry may be the path to a file or
 *       another array containing values for the parameters 'type', 'module' and
 *       'name' as needed by module_load_include(). The files listed here are
 *       automatically loaded by form_get_cache(). By default the current menu
 *       router item's 'file' definition is added, if existent.
 *   - rebuild: Normally, after the entire form processing is completed and
 *     submit handlers ran, a form is considered to be done and
 *     drupal_redirect_form() will redirect the user to a new page using a GET
 *     request (so a browser refresh does not re-submit the form). However, if
 *     'rebuild' has been set to TRUE, then a new copy of the form is
 *     immediately built and sent to the browser; instead of a redirect. This is
 *     used for multi-step forms, such as wizards and confirmation forms.
 *     Normally, $form_state['rebuild'] is set by a submit handler, since it is
 *     usually logic within a submit handler that determines whether a form is
 *     done or requires another step. However, a validation handler may already
 *     set $form_state['rebuild'] to cause the form processing to bypass submit
 *     handlers and rebuild the form instead, even if there are no validation
 *     errors.
 *   - input: An array of input that corresponds to $_POST or $_GET, depending
 *     on the 'method' chosen (see below).
 *   - method: The HTTP form method to use for finding the input for this form.
 *     May be 'post' or 'get'. Defaults to 'post'. Note that 'get' method
 *     forms do not use form ids so are always considered to be submitted, which
 *     can have unexpected effects. The 'get' method should only be used on
 *     forms that do not change data, as that is exclusively the domain of post.
 *   - no_redirect: If set to TRUE the form will NOT perform a drupal_goto(),
 *     even if 'redirect' is set.
 *   - cache: If set to TRUE the original, unprocessed form structure will be
 *     cached, which allows to rebuild the entire form from cache.
 *   - no_cache: If set to TRUE the form will NOT be cached, even if 'cache' is
 *     set.
 *   - always_process: If TRUE and the method is GET, a form_id is not
 *     necessary. This should only be used on RESTful GET forms that do NOT
 *     write data, as this could lead to security issues. It is useful so that
 *     searches do not need to have a form_id in their query arguments to
 *     trigger the search.
 *   - must_validate: Ordinarily, a form is only validated once but there are
 *     times when a form is resubmitted internally and should be validated
 *     again. Setting this to TRUE will force that to happen. This is most
 *     likely to occur during AHAH or AJAX operations.
 *   - temporary: An array holding temporary data accessible during the current
 *     page request only. It may be used to temporary save any data that doesn't
 *     need to or shouldn't be cached during the whole form workflow, e.g. data
 *     that needs to be accessed during the current form build process only.
 *   - wrapper_callback: Modules that wish to pre-populate certain forms with
 *     common elements, such as back/next/save buttons in multi-step form
 *     wizards, may define a form builder function name that returns a form
 *     structure, which is passed on to the actual form builder function.
 *     Such implementations may either define the 'wrapper_callback' via
 *     hook_forms() or have to invoke drupal_build_form() (instead of
 *     drupal_get_form()) on their own in a custom menu callback to prepare
 *     $form_state accordingly.
 *   Further $form_state properties controlling the redirection behavior after
 *   form submission may be found in drupal_redirect_form().
 *
 * @return
 *   The rendered form or NULL, depending upon the $form_state flags that were set.
 *
 * @see drupal_redirect_form()
 */
function drupal_build_form($form_id, &$form_state) {
  // Ensure some defaults; if already set they will not be overridden.
  $form_state += form_state_defaults();

  if (!isset($form_state['input'])) {
    $form_state['input'] = $form_state['method'] == 'get' ? $_GET : $_POST;
  }

  if (isset($_SESSION['batch_form_state'])) {
    // We've been redirected here after a batch processing. The form has
    // already been processed, but needs to be rebuilt. See _batch_finished().
    $form_state = $_SESSION['batch_form_state'];
    unset($_SESSION['batch_form_state']);
    return drupal_rebuild_form($form_id, $form_state);
  }

  // If the incoming input contains a form_build_id, we'll check the cache for a
  // copy of the form in question. If it's there, we don't have to rebuild the
  // form to proceed. In addition, if there is stored form_state data from a
  // previous step, we'll retrieve it so it can be passed on to the form
  // processing code.
  $check_cache = isset($form_state['input']['form_id']) && $form_state['input']['form_id'] == $form_id && !empty($form_state['input']['form_build_id']);
  if ($check_cache) {
    $form = form_get_cache($form_state['input']['form_build_id'], $form_state);
  }

  // If the previous bit of code didn't result in a populated $form object, we
  // are hitting the form for the first time and we need to build it from
  // scratch.
  if (!isset($form)) {
    // If we attempted to serve the form from cache, uncacheable $form_state
    // keys need to be removed after retrieving and preparing the form, except
    // any that were already set prior to retrieving the form.
    if ($check_cache) {
      $form_state_before_retrieval = $form_state;
    }

    $form = drupal_retrieve_form($form_id, $form_state);
    drupal_prepare_form($form_id, $form, $form_state);

    // form_set_cache() removes uncacheable $form_state keys defined in
    // form_state_keys_no_cache() in order for multi-step forms to work
    // properly. This means that form processing logic for single-step forms
    // using $form_state['cache'] may depend on data stored in those keys
    // during drupal_retrieve_form()/drupal_prepare_form(), but form
    // processing should not depend on whether the form is cached or not, so
    // $form_state is adjusted to match what it would be after a
    // form_set_cache()/form_get_cache() sequence. These exceptions are
    // allowed to survive here:
    // - always_process: Does not make sense in conjunction with form caching
    //   in the first place, since passing form_build_id as a GET parameter is
    //   not desired.
    // - temporary: Any assigned data is expected to survives within the same
    //   page request.
    if ($check_cache) {
      $uncacheable_keys = array_flip(array_diff(form_state_keys_no_cache(), array('always_process', 'temporary')));
      $form_state = array_diff_key($form_state, $uncacheable_keys);
      $form_state += $form_state_before_retrieval;
    }
  }

  // Now that we have a constructed form, process it. This is where:
  // - Element #process functions get called to further refine $form.
  // - User input, if any, gets incorporated in the #value property of the
  //   corresponding elements and into $form_state['values'].
  // - Validation and submission handlers are called.
  // - If this submission is part of a multistep workflow, the form is rebuilt
  //   to contain the information of the next step.
  // - If necessary, the form and form state are cached or re-cached, so that
  //   appropriate information persists to the next page request.
  // All of the handlers in the pipeline receive $form_state by reference and
  // can use it to know or update information about the state of the form.
  drupal_process_form($form_id, $form, $form_state);

  // If this was a successful submission of a single-step form or the last step
  // of a multi-step form, then drupal_process_form() issued a redirect to
  // another page, or back to this page, but as a new request. Therefore, if
  // we're here, it means that this is either a form being viewed initially
  // before any user input, or there was a validation error requiring the form
  // to be re-displayed, or we're in a multi-step workflow and need to display
  // the form's next step. In any case, we have what we need in $form, and can
  // return it for rendering.
  return $form;
}

/**
 * Retrieve default values for the $form_state array.
 */
function form_state_defaults() {
  return array(
    'rebuild' => FALSE,
    'rebuild_info' => array(),
    'redirect' => NULL,
    // @todo 'args' is usually set, so no other default 'build_info' keys are
    //   appended via += form_state_defaults().
    'build_info' => array(
      'args' => array(),
      'files' => array(),
    ),
    'temporary' => array(),
    'submitted' => FALSE,
    'executed' => FALSE,
    'programmed' => FALSE,
    'cache'=> FALSE,
    'method' => 'post',
    'groups' => array(),
    'buttons' => array(),
  );
}

/**
 * Constructs a new $form from the information in $form_state.
 *
 * This is the key function for making multi-step forms advance from step to
 * step. It is called by drupal_process_form() when all user input processing,
 * including calling validation and submission handlers, for the request is
 * finished. If a validate or submit handler set $form_state['rebuild'] to TRUE,
 * and if other conditions don't preempt a rebuild from happening, then this
 * function is called to generate a new $form, the next step in the form
 * workflow, to be returned for rendering.
 *
 * AJAX form submissions are almost always multi-step workflows, so that is one
 * common use-case during which form rebuilding occurs. See ajax_form_callback()
 * for more information about creating AJAX-enabled forms.
 *
 * @param $form_id
 *   The unique string identifying the desired form. If a function
 *   with that name exists, it is called to build the form array.
 *   Modules that need to generate the same form (or very similar forms)
 *   using different $form_ids can implement hook_forms(), which maps
 *   different $form_id values to the proper form constructor function. Examples
 *   may be found in node_forms(), search_forms(), and user_forms().
 * @param $form_state
 *   A keyed array containing the current state of the form.
 * @param $old_form
 *   (optional) A previously built $form. Used to retain the #build_id and
 *   #action properties in AJAX callbacks and similar partial form rebuilds. The
 *   only properties copied from $old_form are the ones which both exist in
 *   $old_form and for which $form_state['rebuild_info']['copy'][PROPERTY] is
 *   TRUE. If $old_form is not passed, the entire $form is rebuilt freshly.
 *   'rebuild_info' needs to be a separate top-level property next to
 *   'build_info', since the contained data must not be cached.
 *
 * @return
 *   The newly built form.
 *
 * @see drupal_process_form()
 * @see ajax_form_callback()
 */
function drupal_rebuild_form($form_id, &$form_state, $old_form = NULL) {
  $form = drupal_retrieve_form($form_id, $form_state);

  // If only parts of the form will be returned to the browser (e.g. AJAX or
  // RIA clients), re-use the old #build_id to not require client-side code to
  // manually update the hidden 'build_id' input element.
  // Otherwise, a new #build_id is generated, to not clobber the previous
  // build's data in the form cache; also allowing the user to go back to an
  // earlier build, make changes, and re-submit.
  // @see drupal_prepare_form()
  if (isset($old_form['#build_id']) && !empty($form_state['rebuild_info']['copy']['#build_id'])) {
    $form['#build_id'] = $old_form['#build_id'];
  }
  else {
    $form['#build_id'] = 'form-' . drupal_hash_base64(uniqid(mt_rand(), TRUE) . mt_rand());
  }

  // #action defaults to request_uri(), but in case of AJAX and other partial
  // rebuilds, the form is submitted to an alternate URL, and the original
  // #action needs to be retained.
  if (isset($old_form['#action']) && !empty($form_state['rebuild_info']['copy']['#action'])) {
    $form['#action'] = $old_form['#action'];
  }

  drupal_prepare_form($form_id, $form, $form_state);

  // Caching is normally done in drupal_process_form(), but what needs to be
  // cached is the $form structure before it passes through form_builder(),
  // so we need to do it here.
  // @todo For Drupal 8, find a way to avoid this code duplication.
  if (empty($form_state['no_cache'])) {
    form_set_cache($form['#build_id'], $form, $form_state);
  }

  // Clear out all group associations as these might be different when
  // re-rendering the form.
  $form_state['groups'] = array();

  // Return a fully built form that is ready for rendering.
  return form_builder($form_id, $form, $form_state);
}

/**
 * Fetch a form from cache.
 */
function form_get_cache($form_build_id, &$form_state) {
  if ($cached = cache_get('form_' . $form_build_id, 'cache_form')) {
    $form = $cached->data;

    global $user;
    if ((isset($form['#cache_token']) && drupal_valid_token($form['#cache_token'])) || (!isset($form['#cache_token']) && !$user->uid)) {
      if ($cached = cache_get('form_state_' . $form_build_id, 'cache_form')) {
        // Re-populate $form_state for subsequent rebuilds.
        $form_state = $cached->data + $form_state;

        // If the original form is contained in include files, load the files.
        // @see form_load_include()
        $form_state['build_info'] += array('files' => array());
        foreach ($form_state['build_info']['files'] as $file) {
          if (is_array($file)) {
            $file += array('type' => 'inc', 'name' => $file['module']);
            module_load_include($file['type'], $file['module'], $file['name']);
          }
          elseif (file_exists($file)) {
            require_once DRUPAL_ROOT . '/' . $file;
          }
        }
      }
      return $form;
    }
  }
}

/**
 * Store a form in the cache.
 */
function form_set_cache($form_build_id, $form, $form_state) {
  // 6 hours cache life time for forms should be plenty.
  $expire = 21600;

  // Cache form structure.
  if (isset($form)) {
    if ($GLOBALS['user']->uid) {
      $form['#cache_token'] = drupal_get_token();
    }
    cache_set('form_' . $form_build_id, $form, 'cache_form', REQUEST_TIME + $expire);
  }

  // Cache form state.
  if ($data = array_diff_key($form_state, array_flip(form_state_keys_no_cache()))) {
    cache_set('form_state_' . $form_build_id, $data, 'cache_form', REQUEST_TIME + $expire);
  }
}

/**
 * Returns an array of $form_state keys that shouldn't be cached.
 */
function form_state_keys_no_cache() {
  return array(
    // Public properties defined by form constructors and form handlers.
    'always_process',
    'must_validate',
    'rebuild',
    'rebuild_info',
    'redirect',
    'no_redirect',
    'temporary',
    // Internal properties defined by form processing.
    'buttons',
    'triggering_element',
    'clicked_button',
    'complete form',
    'groups',
    'input',
    'method',
    'submit_handlers',
    'submitted',
    'executed',
    'validate_handlers',
    'values',
  );
}

/**
 * Loads an include file and makes sure it is loaded whenever the form is processed.
 *
 * Example:
 * @code
 *   // Load node.admin.inc from Node module.
 *   form_load_include($form_state, 'inc', 'node', 'node.admin');
 * @endcode
 *
 * Use this function instead of module_load_include() from inside a form
 * constructor or any form processing logic as it ensures that the include file
 * is loaded whenever the form is processed. In contrast to using
 * module_load_include() directly, form_load_include() makes sure the include
 * file is correctly loaded also if the form is cached.
 *
 * @param $form_state
 *   The current state of the form.
 * @param $type
 *   The include file's type (file extension).
 * @param $module
 *   The module to which the include file belongs.
 * @param $name
 *   (optional) The base file name (without the $type extension). If omitted,
 *   $module is used; i.e., resulting in "$module.$type" by default.
 *
 * @return
 *   The filepath of the loaded include file, or FALSE if the include file was
 *   not found or has been loaded already.
 *
 * @see module_load_include()
 */
function form_load_include(&$form_state, $type, $module, $name = NULL) {
  if (!isset($name)) {
    $name = $module;
  }
  if (!isset($form_state['build_info']['files']["$module:$name.$type"])) {
    // Only add successfully included files to the form state.
    if ($result = module_load_include($type, $module, $name)) {
      $form_state['build_info']['files']["$module:$name.$type"] = array(
        'type' => $type,
        'module' => $module,
        'name' => $name,
      );
      return $result;
    }
  }
  return FALSE;
}

/**
 * Retrieves, populates, and processes a form.
 *
 * This function allows you to supply values for form elements and submit a
 * form for processing. Compare to drupal_get_form(), which also builds and
 * processes a form, but does not allow you to supply values.
 *
 * There is no return value, but you can check to see if there are errors
 * by calling form_get_errors().
 *
 * @param $form_id
 *   The unique string identifying the desired form. If a function
 *   with that name exists, it is called to build the form array.
 *   Modules that need to generate the same form (or very similar forms)
 *   using different $form_ids can implement hook_forms(), which maps
 *   different $form_id values to the proper form constructor function. Examples
 *   may be found in node_forms(), search_forms(), and user_forms().
 * @param $form_state
 *   A keyed array containing the current state of the form. Most important is
 *   the $form_state['values'] collection, a tree of data used to simulate the
 *   incoming $_POST information from a user's form submission. If a key is not
 *   filled in $form_state['values'], then the default value of the respective
 *   element is used. To submit an unchecked checkbox or other control that
 *   browsers submit by not having a $_POST entry, include the key, but set the
 *   value to NULL.
 * @param ...
 *   Any additional arguments are passed on to the functions called by
 *   drupal_form_submit(), including the unique form constructor function.
 *   For example, the node_edit form requires that a node object be passed
 *   in here when it is called. Arguments that need to be passed by reference
 *   should not be included here, but rather placed directly in the $form_state
 *   build info array so that the reference can be preserved. For example, a
 *   form builder function with the following signature:
 *   @code
 *   function mymodule_form($form, &$form_state, &$object) {
 *   }
 *   @endcode
 *   would be called via drupal_form_submit() as follows:
 *   @code
 *   $form_state['values'] = $my_form_values;
 *   $form_state['build_info']['args'] = array(&$object);
 *   drupal_form_submit('mymodule_form', $form_state);
 *   @endcode
 * For example:
 * @code
 * // register a new user
 * $form_state = array();
 * $form_state['values']['name'] = 'robo-user';
 * $form_state['values']['mail'] = 'robouser@example.com';
 * $form_state['values']['pass']['pass1'] = 'password';
 * $form_state['values']['pass']['pass2'] = 'password';
 * $form_state['values']['op'] = t('Create new account');
 * drupal_form_submit('user_register_form', $form_state);
 * @endcode
 */
function drupal_form_submit($form_id, &$form_state) {
  if (!isset($form_state['build_info']['args'])) {
    $args = func_get_args();
    array_shift($args);
    array_shift($args);
    $form_state['build_info']['args'] = $args;
  }
  // Merge in default values.
  $form_state += form_state_defaults();

  $form = drupal_retrieve_form($form_id, $form_state);
  $form_state['input'] = $form_state['values'];
  $form_state['programmed'] = TRUE;
  // Programmed forms are always submitted.
  $form_state['submitted'] = TRUE;

  // Reset form validation.
  $form_state['must_validate'] = TRUE;
  form_clear_error();

  drupal_prepare_form($form_id, $form, $form_state);
  drupal_process_form($form_id, $form, $form_state);
}

/**
 * Retrieves the structured array that defines a given form.
 *
 * @param $form_id
 *   The unique string identifying the desired form. If a function
 *   with that name exists, it is called to build the form array.
 *   Modules that need to generate the same form (or very similar forms)
 *   using different $form_ids can implement hook_forms(), which maps
 *   different $form_id values to the proper form constructor function.
 * @param $form_state
 *   A keyed array containing the current state of the form, including the
 *   additional arguments to drupal_get_form() or drupal_form_submit() in the
 *   'args' component of the array.
 */
function drupal_retrieve_form($form_id, &$form_state) {
  $forms = &drupal_static(__FUNCTION__);

  // Record the filepath of the include file containing the original form, so
  // the form builder callbacks can be loaded when the form is being rebuilt
  // from cache on a different path (such as 'system/ajax'). See
  // form_get_cache().
  // $menu_get_item() is not available at installation time.
  if (!isset($form_state['build_info']['files']['menu']) && !defined('MAINTENANCE_MODE')) {
    $item = menu_get_item();
    if (!empty($item['include_file'])) {
      // Do not use form_load_include() here, as the file is already loaded.
      // Anyway, form_get_cache() is able to handle filepaths too.
      $form_state['build_info']['files']['menu'] = $item['include_file'];
    }
  }

  // We save two copies of the incoming arguments: one for modules to use
  // when mapping form ids to constructor functions, and another to pass to
  // the constructor function itself.
  $args = $form_state['build_info']['args'];

  // We first check to see if there's a function named after the $form_id.
  // If there is, we simply pass the arguments on to it to get the form.
  if (!function_exists($form_id)) {
    // In cases where many form_ids need to share a central constructor function,
    // such as the node editing form, modules can implement hook_forms(). It
    // maps one or more form_ids to the correct constructor functions.
    //
    // We cache the results of that hook to save time, but that only works
    // for modules that know all their form_ids in advance. (A module that
    // adds a small 'rate this comment' form to each comment in a list
    // would need a unique form_id for each one, for example.)
    //
    // So, we call the hook if $forms isn't yet populated, OR if it doesn't
    // yet have an entry for the requested form_id.
    if (!isset($forms) || !isset($forms[$form_id])) {
      $forms = module_invoke_all('forms', $form_id, $args);
    }
    $form_definition = $forms[$form_id];
    if (isset($form_definition['callback arguments'])) {
      $args = array_merge($form_definition['callback arguments'], $args);
    }
    if (isset($form_definition['callback'])) {
      $callback = $form_definition['callback'];
      $form_state['build_info']['base_form_id'] = $callback;
    }
    // In case $form_state['wrapper_callback'] is not defined already, we also
    // allow hook_forms() to define one.
    if (!isset($form_state['wrapper_callback']) && isset($form_definition['wrapper_callback'])) {
      $form_state['wrapper_callback'] = $form_definition['wrapper_callback'];
    }
  }

  $form = array();
  // We need to pass $form_state by reference in order for forms to modify it,
  // since call_user_func_array() requires that referenced variables are passed
  // explicitly.
  $args = array_merge(array($form, &$form_state), $args);

  // When the passed $form_state (not using drupal_get_form()) defines a
  // 'wrapper_callback', then it requests to invoke a separate (wrapping) form
  // builder function to pre-populate the $form array with form elements, which
  // the actual form builder function ($callback) expects. This allows for
  // pre-populating a form with common elements for certain forms, such as
  // back/next/save buttons in multi-step form wizards. See drupal_build_form().
  if (isset($form_state['wrapper_callback']) && function_exists($form_state['wrapper_callback'])) {
    $form = call_user_func_array($form_state['wrapper_callback'], $args);
    // Put the prepopulated $form into $args.
    $args[0] = $form;
  }

  // If $callback was returned by a hook_forms() implementation, call it.
  // Otherwise, call the function named after the form id.
  $form = call_user_func_array(isset($callback) ? $callback : $form_id, $args);
  $form['#form_id'] = $form_id;

  return $form;
}

/**
 * Processes a form submission.
 *
 * This function is the heart of form API. The form gets built, validated and in
 * appropriate cases, submitted and rebuilt.
 *
 * @param $form_id
 *   The unique string identifying the current form.
 * @param $form
 *   An associative array containing the structure of the form.
 * @param $form_state
 *   A keyed array containing the current state of the form. This
 *   includes the current persistent storage data for the form, and
 *   any data passed along by earlier steps when displaying a
 *   multi-step form. Additional information, like the sanitized $_POST
 *   data, is also accumulated here.
 */
function drupal_process_form($form_id, &$form, &$form_state) {
  $form_state['values'] = array();

  // With $_GET, these forms are always submitted if requested.
  if ($form_state['method'] == 'get' && !empty($form_state['always_process'])) {
    if (!isset($form_state['input']['form_build_id'])) {
      $form_state['input']['form_build_id'] = $form['#build_id'];
    }
    if (!isset($form_state['input']['form_id'])) {
      $form_state['input']['form_id'] = $form_id;
    }
    if (!isset($form_state['input']['form_token']) && isset($form['#token'])) {
      $form_state['input']['form_token'] = drupal_get_token($form['#token']);
    }
  }

  // form_builder() finishes building the form by calling element #process
  // functions and mapping user input, if any, to #value properties, and also
  // storing the values in $form_state['values']. We need to retain the
  // unprocessed $form in case it needs to be cached.
  $unprocessed_form = $form;
  $form = form_builder($form_id, $form, $form_state);

  // Only process the input if we have a correct form submission.
  if ($form_state['process_input']) {
    drupal_validate_form($form_id, $form, $form_state);

    // drupal_html_id() maintains a cache of element IDs it has seen,
    // so it can prevent duplicates. We want to be sure we reset that
    // cache when a form is processed, so scenarios that result in
    // the form being built behind the scenes and again for the
    // browser don't increment all the element IDs needlessly.
    drupal_static_reset('drupal_html_id');

    if ($form_state['submitted'] && !form_get_errors() && !$form_state['rebuild']) {
      // Execute form submit handlers.
      form_execute_handlers('submit', $form, $form_state);

      // We'll clear out the cached copies of the form and its stored data
      // here, as we've finished with them. The in-memory copies are still
      // here, though.
      if (!variable_get('cache', 0) && !empty($form_state['values']['form_build_id'])) {
        cache_clear_all('form_' . $form_state['values']['form_build_id'], 'cache_form');
        cache_clear_all('form_state_' . $form_state['values']['form_build_id'], 'cache_form');
      }

      // If batches were set in the submit handlers, we process them now,
      // possibly ending execution. We make sure we do not react to the batch
      // that is already being processed (if a batch operation performs a
      // drupal_form_submit).
      if ($batch =& batch_get() && !isset($batch['current_set'])) {
        // Store $form_state information in the batch definition.
        // We need the full $form_state when either:
        // - Some submit handlers were saved to be called during batch
        //   processing. See form_execute_handlers().
        // - The form is multistep.
        // In other cases, we only need the information expected by
        // drupal_redirect_form().
        if ($batch['has_form_submits'] || !empty($form_state['rebuild'])) {
          $batch['form_state'] = $form_state;
        }
        else {
          $batch['form_state'] = array_intersect_key($form_state, array_flip(array('programmed', 'rebuild', 'storage', 'no_redirect', 'redirect')));
        }

        $batch['progressive'] = !$form_state['programmed'];
        batch_process();

        // Execution continues only for programmatic forms.
        // For 'regular' forms, we get redirected to the batch processing
        // page. Form redirection will be handled in _batch_finished(),
        // after the batch is processed.
      }

      // Set a flag to indicate the the form has been processed and executed.
      $form_state['executed'] = TRUE;

      // Redirect the form based on values in $form_state.
      drupal_redirect_form($form_state);
    }

    // Don't rebuild or cache form submissions invoked via drupal_form_submit().
    if (!empty($form_state['programmed'])) {
      return;
    }

    // If $form_state['rebuild'] has been set and input has been processed
    // without validation errors, we are in a multi-step workflow that is not
    // yet complete. A new $form needs to be constructed based on the changes
    // made to $form_state during this request. Normally, a submit handler sets
    // $form_state['rebuild'] if a fully executed form requires another step.
    // However, for forms that have not been fully executed (e.g., AJAX
    // submissions triggered by non-buttons), there is no submit handler to set
    // $form_state['rebuild']. It would not make sense to redisplay the
    // identical form without an error for the user to correct, so we also
    // rebuild error-free non-executed forms, regardless of
    // $form_state['rebuild'].
    // @todo D8: Simplify this logic; considering AJAX and non-HTML front-ends,
    //   along with element-level #submit properties, it makes no sense to have
    //   divergent form execution based on whether the triggering element has
    //   #executes_submit_callback set to TRUE.
    if (($form_state['rebuild'] || !$form_state['executed']) && !form_get_errors()) {
      // Form building functions (e.g., _form_builder_handle_input_element())
      // may use $form_state['rebuild'] to determine if they are running in the
      // context of a rebuild, so ensure it is set.
      $form_state['rebuild'] = TRUE;
      $form = drupal_rebuild_form($form_id, $form_state, $form);
    }
  }

  // After processing the form, the form builder or a #process callback may
  // have set $form_state['cache'] to indicate that the form and form state
  // shall be cached. But the form may only be cached if the 'no_cache' property
  // is not set to TRUE. Only cache $form as it was prior to form_builder(),
  // because form_builder() must run for each request to accomodate new user
  // input. Rebuilt forms are not cached here, because drupal_rebuild_form()
  // already takes care of that.
  if (!$form_state['rebuild'] && $form_state['cache'] && empty($form_state['no_cache'])) {
    form_set_cache($form['#build_id'], $unprocessed_form, $form_state);
  }
}

/**
 * Prepares a structured form array by adding required elements,
 * executing any hook_form_alter functions, and optionally inserting
 * a validation token to prevent tampering.
 *
 * @param $form_id
 *   A unique string identifying the form for validation, submission,
 *   theming, and hook_form_alter functions.
 * @param $form
 *   An associative array containing the structure of the form.
 * @param $form_state
 *   A keyed array containing the current state of the form. Passed
 *   in here so that hook_form_alter() calls can use it, as well.
 */
function drupal_prepare_form($form_id, &$form, &$form_state) {
  global $user;

  $form['#type'] = 'form';
  $form_state['programmed'] = isset($form_state['programmed']) ? $form_state['programmed'] : FALSE;

  // Fix the form method, if it is 'get' in $form_state, but not in $form.
  if ($form_state['method'] == 'get' && !isset($form['#method'])) {
    $form['#method'] = 'get';
  }

  // Generate a new #build_id for this form, if none has been set already. The
  // form_build_id is used as key to cache a particular build of the form. For
  // multi-step forms, this allows the user to go back to an earlier build, make
  // changes, and re-submit.
  // @see drupal_build_form()
  // @see drupal_rebuild_form()
  if (!isset($form['#build_id'])) {
    $form['#build_id'] = 'form-' . drupal_hash_base64(uniqid(mt_rand(), TRUE) . mt_rand());
  }
  $form['form_build_id'] = array(
    '#type' => 'hidden',
    '#value' => $form['#build_id'],
    '#id' => $form['#build_id'],
    '#name' => 'form_build_id',
  );

  // Add a token, based on either #token or form_id, to any form displayed to
  // authenticated users. This ensures that any submitted form was actually
  // requested previously by the user and protects against cross site request
  // forgeries.
  // This does not apply to programmatically submitted forms. Furthermore, since
  // tokens are session-bound and forms displayed to anonymous users are very
  // likely cached, we cannot assign a token for them.
  // During installation, there is no $user yet.
  if (!empty($user->uid) && !$form_state['programmed']) {
    // Form constructors may explicitly set #token to FALSE when cross site
    // request forgery is irrelevant to the form, such as search forms.
    if (isset($form['#token']) && $form['#token'] === FALSE) {
      unset($form['#token']);
    }
    // Otherwise, generate a public token based on the form id.
    else {
      $form['#token'] = $form_id;
      $form['form_token'] = array(
        '#id' => drupal_html_id('edit-' . $form_id . '-form-token'),
        '#type' => 'token',
        '#default_value' => drupal_get_token($form['#token']),
      );
    }
  }

  if (isset($form_id)) {
    $form['form_id'] = array(
      '#type' => 'hidden',
      '#value' => $form_id,
      '#id' => drupal_html_id("edit-$form_id"),
    );
  }
  if (!isset($form['#id'])) {
    $form['#id'] = drupal_html_id($form_id);
  }

  $form += element_info('form');
  $form += array('#tree' => FALSE, '#parents' => array());

  if (!isset($form['#validate'])) {
    // Check for a handler specific to $form_id.
    if (function_exists($form_id . '_validate')) {
      $form['#validate'][] = $form_id . '_validate';
    }
    // Otherwise check whether this is a shared form and whether there is a
    // handler for the shared $form_id.
    elseif (isset($form_state['build_info']['base_form_id']) && function_exists($form_state['build_info']['base_form_id'] . '_validate')) {
      $form['#validate'][] = $form_state['build_info']['base_form_id'] . '_validate';
    }