diff --git a/ezproxy_url_rewrite/ezproxy_url_rewrite.module b/ezproxy_url_rewrite/ezproxy_url_rewrite.module
index 64a8e4922e1802d7bb257c9109cbbcb64d6f3210..68f66518b148a3faa7dc1ab990115c5170de18ea 100644
--- a/ezproxy_url_rewrite/ezproxy_url_rewrite.module
+++ b/ezproxy_url_rewrite/ezproxy_url_rewrite.module
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ function ezproxy_url_rewrite_settings($form, &$form_state) {
 
   $form['instructions']['text'] = array(
     '#type' => 'item',
-    '#value' => t(<<<EOF
+    '#markup' => t(<<<EOF
 EZProxy URL rewriting supports three type of additions to the URL string:
 prefix, infix, and suffix, respectively adding text to the beginning,
 middle (immediately after the hostname), or end of a URL string.
@@ -328,7 +328,7 @@ function ezproxy_url_rewrite_ip_form($form, &$form_state) {
 
   $form['instructions']['text'] = array(
     '#type' => 'item',
-    '#value' => t(<<<EOF
+    '#markup' => t(<<<EOF
 Use the fields below to create a range of IP addresses to exclude from EZProxy
 URL rewriting. You may enter a positive integer, a range of positive integers,
 the word ALL, or an asterisk (*). The following examples are all valid:
diff --git a/oaiharvester/oaiharvester.module b/oaiharvester/oaiharvester.module
index db58e4a2fe3a3923615836fe9211a00fdbab411a..70ee2a6dc536311a9e5f1aad4be038e23b58a7f5 100644
--- a/oaiharvester/oaiharvester.module
+++ b/oaiharvester/oaiharvester.module
@@ -1953,7 +1953,7 @@ function oaiharvester_schedule_clear_cache_form($form, &$form_state, $schedule)
 
   $form['question'] = array(
     '#type' => 'item',
-    '#value' => $question,
+    '#markup' => $question,
   );
 
   return confirm_form($form,
@@ -1989,7 +1989,7 @@ function oaiharvester_schedule_set_passive_form($form, &$form_state, $schedule)
 
   $form['question'] = array(
     '#type' => 'item',
-    '#value' => $question,
+    '#markup' => $question,
   );
 
   $processing_cron = variable_get('oaiharvester_processing_cron', 'NOT_RUNNING');
diff --git a/xc/xc.module b/xc/xc.module
index acd91e488a8ea6335c212e82aa151f8c13b2814d..ab183860ba49e880e17d04d0959615f33f1ee8eb 100644
--- a/xc/xc.module
+++ b/xc/xc.module
@@ -762,7 +762,7 @@ function xc_turn_on_alerts_form($form, &$form_state) {
   if ($alerted) {
     $form['message'] = array(
       '#type' => 'item',
-      '#value' => t('If the site admin is alerted once, the site will not report the problem again. After he solve the problem, he have to turn this feature on, to activate email sending.'),
+      '#markup' => t('If the site admin is alerted once, the site will not report the problem again. After he solve the problem, he have to turn this feature on, to activate email sending.'),
     );
 
     return confirm_form($form, t('Do you want to turn on alerts?'), '', '', t('Activate alerting email again'), t('Cancel'));
@@ -770,7 +770,7 @@ function xc_turn_on_alerts_form($form, &$form_state) {
   else {
     $form['message'] = array(
       '#type' => 'item',
-      '#value' => t('The site admin has not been alerted recently, so no action needed this time.'),
+      '#markup' => t('The site admin has not been alerted recently, so no action needed this time.'),
     );
 
     return $form;
diff --git a/xc_account/xc_account.module b/xc_account/xc_account.module
index 9186b3e8d65ca2c25821d6634249c988ed3a7104..231d74f667809202d350d3a1bd265f308e7ecd2e 100644
--- a/xc_account/xc_account.module
+++ b/xc_account/xc_account.module
@@ -738,17 +738,17 @@ function xc_account_bookmarked_items_form($form, $form_state, $account) {
       ),
       'title' => array(
         '#type' => 'item',
-        '#value' => $title,
+        '#markup' => $title,
         '#name' => 'title'
       ),
       'authors' => array(
         '#type' => 'item',
-        '#value' => $authors,
+        '#markup' => $authors,
         '#name' => 'authors'
       ),
       'formats' => array(
         '#type' => 'item',
-        '#value' => $formats,
+        '#markup' => $formats,
         '#name' => 'formats'
       ),
     );
diff --git a/xc_auth/xc_auth.module b/xc_auth/xc_auth.module
index 06aedb7780f790918e44609dbd8deba09675d36b..e0407df16cb7781b27b76da7ea8c2ce34ba3c95d 100644
--- a/xc_auth/xc_auth.module
+++ b/xc_auth/xc_auth.module
@@ -613,7 +613,7 @@ function xc_auth_type_form($form, &$form_state, $auth_type = NULL) {
     else {
       $form['credentials']['info'] = array(
         '#type' => 'item',
-        '#value' => t('No login form credentials to edit'),
+        '#markup' => t('No login form credentials to edit'),
       );
     }
 
@@ -2050,7 +2050,7 @@ function xc_auth_user_XXX($edit, $account) {
       );
       $form['auth_types']['tid_' . $auth_type->tid]['info'] = array(
         '#type' => 'item',
-        '#value' => t('Currently authorized to log in as <strong>!identity</strong>.  Deauthorizing prevent logging into this account and could also destroy all account settings!',
+        '#markup' => t('Currently authorized to log in as <strong>!identity</strong>.  Deauthorizing prevent logging into this account and could also destroy all account settings!',
               array('!identity' => $auth_user->identity)),
       );
       $form_key = 'deauthorize_' . $auth_type->tid . '_' . $account->uid;
@@ -2346,7 +2346,7 @@ function xc_auth_login_form($form, &$form_state, $auth_type = NULL, $type = 'log
   if ($type == 'login' && isset($_SESSION['xc_auth_types'][$auth_type->tid]['identity'])) {
     $form['info'] = array(
       '#type' => 'item',
-      '#value' => t('Currently logged into %name as <strong>!identity</strong>',
+      '#markup' => t('Currently logged into %name as <strong>!identity</strong>',
         array(
         '%name' => $auth_type->name,
         '!identity' => $_SESSION['xc_auth_types'][$auth_type->tid]['identity'],
@@ -2396,12 +2396,12 @@ function xc_auth_login_form($form, &$form_state, $auth_type = NULL, $type = 'log
 
         $form[$element . '-info'] = array(
           '#type' => 'item',
-          '#description' => t('%name has been automatically remembered as <strong>!username</strong>',
+          '#markup' => t('%name has been automatically remembered as <strong>!username</strong>',
             array(
-            '%name' => $_label, // the label of use = NetID or Username or Barcode
-            '!username' => $_SESSION['xc_auth_types'][$auth_type->tid]['values'][$element],
-          )
-            ),
+              '%name' => $_label, // the label of use = NetID or Username or Barcode
+              '!username' => $_SESSION['xc_auth_types'][$auth_type->tid]['values'][$element],
+            )
+          ),
         );
       }
       else {
@@ -2419,13 +2419,13 @@ function xc_auth_login_form($form, &$form_state, $auth_type = NULL, $type = 'log
 
     $form['reset_password_text'] = array(
       '#type' => 'item',
-      '#value' => isset($auth_type->reset_password_text) ? $auth_type->reset_password_text : '',
+      '#markup' => isset($auth_type->reset_password_text) ? $auth_type->reset_password_text : '',
       '#weight' => 99,
     );
 
     $form['help_text'] = array(
       '#type' => 'item',
-      '#value' => isset($auth_type->help_text) ? $auth_type->help_text : '',
+      '#markup' => isset($auth_type->help_text) ? $auth_type->help_text : '',
       '#weight' => 100,
     );
 
@@ -2619,7 +2619,7 @@ function xc_auth_auto_login_form($form, &$form_state, $data = array()) {
     if (isset($_SESSION['xc_auth_types'][$auth_type->tid]['identity'])) {
       $form['info'] = array(
         '#type' => 'item',
-        '#value' => t('Currently logged into %name as <strong>!identity</strong>',
+        '#markup' => t('Currently logged into %name as <strong>!identity</strong>',
           array(
           '%name' => $auth_type->name,
           '!identity' => $_SESSION['xc_auth_types'][$auth_type->tid]['identity'],
@@ -2683,13 +2683,13 @@ function xc_auth_auto_login_form($form, &$form_state, $data = array()) {
 
   $form['reset_password_text'] = array(
     '#type' => 'item',
-    '#value' => $data['reset_password_text'],
+    '#markup' => $data['reset_password_text'],
     '#weight' => 99,
   );
 
   $form['help_text'] = array(
     '#type' => 'item',
-    '#value' => $data['help_text'],
+    '#markup' => $data['help_text'],
     '#weight' => 100,
   );
 
@@ -3154,7 +3154,7 @@ function xc_auth_login_block_form($form, &$form_state, $login_block = NULL) {
     else {
       $form['data']['form']['info'] = array(
         '#type' => 'item',
-        '#value' => t('No login form credentials to edit'),
+        '#markup' => t('No login form credentials to edit'),
       );
     }
 
diff --git a/xc_index/xc_index.superlocation.inc b/xc_index/xc_index.superlocation.inc
index bc6ee2be0fa31441b872baa10004e6c7ab5a3900..170ac93b9bcdb733739643cdf183f3890286ea28 100644
--- a/xc_index/xc_index.superlocation.inc
+++ b/xc_index/xc_index.superlocation.inc
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ function xc_index_superlocation_form($form, &$form_state) {
 
   $form['description'] = array(
     '#type' => 'item',
-    '#value' => t('Upload a CSV (Comma Separated Values) file containing the location data. Each record contains a code and a label.'),
+    '#markup' => t('Upload a CSV (Comma Separated Values) file containing the location data. Each record contains a code and a label.'),
   );
 
   $form['upload'] = array(
diff --git a/xc_metadata/includes/xc_metadata.delete.inc b/xc_metadata/includes/xc_metadata.delete.inc
index ea9baf5918f1fbdd4e0d91e3d6f41d4f3b9cc851..dac6d23fc548fba1fa5044c7ce96f0b4ccf9a9f5 100644
--- a/xc_metadata/includes/xc_metadata.delete.inc
+++ b/xc_metadata/includes/xc_metadata.delete.inc
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ function xc_metadata_delete_form($form, &$form_state) {
   $form['instructions']['how'] = array(
     '#type' => 'item',
     '#title' => t('How it works'),
-    '#value' => t('This batch process <strong>completely deletes and removes</strong> all entity and node from Drupal based on the selected criteria.'),
+    '#markup' => t('This batch process <strong>completely deletes and removes</strong> all entity and node from Drupal based on the selected criteria.'),
   );
 
   $form['types'] = array(
diff --git a/xc_ncip_provider/xc_ncip_provider.module b/xc_ncip_provider/xc_ncip_provider.module
index 15ba075de947e3cac5616ef825b639176ef74063..d1c96ba314499d86dc559b86f8b750bd30f9ed06 100644
--- a/xc_ncip_provider/xc_ncip_provider.module
+++ b/xc_ncip_provider/xc_ncip_provider.module
@@ -445,7 +445,7 @@ function _xc_ncip_provider_test_form($ncip_provider) {
   $form['name'] = array(
     '#type' => 'item',
     '#title' => t('NCIP Server'),
-    '#value' => $ncip_provider->name,
+    '#markup' => $ncip_provider->name,
   );
 
   if ($ncip_provider->properties['is_ncip_toolkit']) {
@@ -464,7 +464,7 @@ function _xc_ncip_provider_test_form($ncip_provider) {
     $form['ncip_toolkit'] = array(
       '#type' => 'item',
       '#title' => t('NCIP Toolkit Test Interface'),
-      '#value' => l($url, $url),
+      '#markup' => l($url, $url),
     );
   }
 
diff --git a/xc_search/admin/xc_search.holdings_location.inc b/xc_search/admin/xc_search.holdings_location.inc
index 927f93fc8be24a222b0772ea91579b03588d26f6..ceece68e8577c47805bf715bb1627c764e1cf4b3 100644
--- a/xc_search/admin/xc_search.holdings_location.inc
+++ b/xc_search/admin/xc_search.holdings_location.inc
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ function xc_search_holdings_location_form($form, &$form_state) {
 
   $form['description'] = array(
     '#type' => 'item',
-    '#value' => t('Upload a CSV (Comma Separated Values) file containing the location data. Each record contains a code and a label. The first line of the file should contain the name of fields (code and label).'),
+    '#markup' => t('Upload a CSV (Comma Separated Values) file containing the location data. Each record contains a code and a label. The first line of the file should contain the name of fields (code and label).'),
   );
 
   $form['upload'] = array(
diff --git a/xc_sql/xc_sql.module b/xc_sql/xc_sql.module
index 10ff652639c32a98dfae39ad0b17b4a8e7c4f3a7..007d5b31c047157c4971d7d1fc49778429ba8afd 100644
--- a/xc_sql/xc_sql.module
+++ b/xc_sql/xc_sql.module
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ function xc_sql_xc_location($op, $location, $params = array()) {
         $form['sql']['xc_sql_notice'] = array(
           '#type' => 'item',
           '#title' => t('Notice'),
-          '#value' => t('No additional information is necessary to store metadata into the Drupal SQL database'),
+          '#markup' => t('No additional information is necessary to store metadata into the Drupal SQL database'),
         );
         return $form;
       }
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ function xc_sql_form_alter(&$form, &$form_state, $form_id) {
       $form['sql']['sql_notice'] = array(
         '#type' => 'item',
         '#title' => t('Notice'),
-        '#value' => t('No additional information is necessary to store metadata into the Drupal SQL database'),
+        '#markup' => t('No additional information is necessary to store metadata into the Drupal SQL database'),
       );
 
       $form['#validate'][] = 'xc_sql_location_validate';
diff --git a/xc_wordnet/xc_wordnet.module b/xc_wordnet/xc_wordnet.module
index 977740209ed47a30f42cc2077e13450e547ab858..07478046dd946638ca5eed98ebb5da0f1348da04 100644
--- a/xc_wordnet/xc_wordnet.module
+++ b/xc_wordnet/xc_wordnet.module
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ function xc_wordnet_admin_settings($form, &$form_state) {
 
   $form['description'] = array(
     '#type' => 'item',
-    '#value' => '<p>'
+    '#markup' => '<p>'
       .   t('Set the attributes of the special Apache Solr index specific for the WordNet. Do not confuse this Solr index with the main bibliographic index.')
       . '</p>'
       . '<p>'