1. Made some coding style improvements to match the Drupal guidelines.
2. The filemtime() call caused a PHP warning if the CSS file didn't exist - Fixed by checking the file doesn't exist first before checking modification times
3. is_writable() returns false if the CSS file doesn't exist - Fixed by checking the directory if the file doesn't exist instead
4. Cleaned up the file_perms() function - It gave me '55' for the permissions which isn't quite right
5. Changed the message arguments to use @var instead of !var as there shouldn't be HTML in those variables and so they should be check_plain()'d.