Features 1.x API for Drupal 7.x ------------------------------- This file contains documentation for two audiences: site builders interested in creating and managing features and module developers interested in integrating with the features module. Terminology ----------- - A **feature module** is a Drupal module that contains the `feature` key in its `.info` file. This array describes the components that should be managed by Features within the module. - A **component** is a configuration object that can be exported. Examples: a view, content type or CCK field instance. - A **machine name** is a string identifier for a specific type of component and should be unique within a single Drupal site. It should not be a numerically generated serial id. - An **exportable** component is one that can be used solely from a default hook in code and without an instance in the database. For example, a view that lives in code does not need an entry in the database in order to be used. - A **faux-exportable** component is one that must exist in the database in order to be used. Any exports of this component are used to create or synchronize entries in the database that share the same machine name. ### Component states Features provides some infrastructure to determine the state of components on the site. To determine the state of a component Features keeps track of three things using an md5 hash of - current code for the component. This is the configuration as actually represented in code by a given feature. - the most recent prior code state that differs from the current code state. For example, if an `svn update` changes the configuration of a view, this stores the code state *prior* to the update. - The "normal" component state. This is the configuration represented by the component as stored in the database or the default component (with any changes introduced by `drupal_alter()`) if no database override exists. Using these three values, Features determines a component to be in one of the following five states: - **Default** (`FEATURES_DEFAULT`) The object has no database entry or the database entry matches the state of the component in code. This should be the default state of components after installing a feature. Updating the component can be done by altering the code definition directly. - **Overridden** (`FEATURES_OVERRIDDEN`) The code remains constant but the database object does not match the state of the component in code. Changes must be reverted before the component can be updated from code. - **Needs review** (`FEATURES_NEEDS_REVIEW`) The previous code state, database state, and current code state all differ. This occurs most commonly when a user changes one of her components and then pulls updates to her codebase. Since there is no way to tell whether the code state or the database state is more recent/valid, user input is necessary to resolve this state. - **Rebuildable** (`FEATURES_REBUILDABLE`) This state only applies to **faux-exportables** and indicates that the database component must and can be safely updated from the code definition. The database entry does not match the current code state but does match the previous code state. Features assumes that in this scenario the user has made no substantive changes and the component can be updated automatically. - **Rebuilding** (`FEATURES_REBUILDING`) This state is rarely seen and only applies to **faux-exportables.** This state is shown when a `FEATURES_REBUILDABLE` component is *currently* being synced to the database. Usually this operation is very fast and short lived. However, if the operation is interrupted (e.g. the server goes down) this state will be seen until the rebuild locking semaphore is cleared. How a feature is generated -------------------------- At a high level Features writes the code in a feature module using the following steps: 1. An `.info` file describing the components that should be included in a Feature is generated. It is either read from an existing feature or generated through the Features UI. 2. Features converts the info file into an `$export` array which contains a list of elements to be exported. Each component type is given a chance to add to the export list as well as request that *other* components be given a second chance to add to the `$export` array. 3. If any additional components have been queued up in the `$pipe` we repeat step 2 for each of the queued component types. 4. Once a full `$export` array is populated each component renders items from the `$export` array to PHP code as a exportable defaults hook. 5. Finally, Features writes the code into files and delivers it as a downloadable package (UI) or writes it directly to a module directory (drush). This workflow makes a variety of things possible: ### Add components to a feature Add the components to the `features` array in the feature's `.info` file and run `drush features-update`. The same operation can be performed using the *Recreate* page in the Features UI. ### Remove components from a feature Remove the corresponding component lines from the feature's `.info` file and run `drush features-update`. The same operation can be performed using the *Recreate* page in the Features UI. ### Rename a component Rename a component by changing its name in the feature's `.info` file and the key and name property of the exported object in the appropriate `.inc` file in the feature. Note that any references in other configuration objects to the previous name should also be updated. Integrating your module with the Features API --------------------------------------------- This section is for developers interested in adding Features-based management for the configuration objects in their modules. From the perspective of Features, there are a few different ways that modules store their configuration: - In the `variable` table using `variable_set()`. If a module is using variables for storing configuration, these variable settings can be exported with Features by using the [Strongarm][1] module. **Features integration:** Install the Strongarm module. - Using a custom table with a serial ID for identifying configuration objects. If this is the case, you will need to change your schema to use a string identifier / machine name for each object. **Features integration:** Fix your schema first, then see below. - Using a custom table with a machine name identifier and custom exportables handling (e.g. you have your own defaults hook handling and export generation). If this is the case, you will need to implement many of the features hooks yourself. **Features integration:** `hook_features_api()`, `hook_features_export()`, `hook_features_export_render()`, `hook_features_export_options()`, `hook_features_revert()`. - Using a custom table with CTools Export API integration. If this is the case, Features will automatically have integration with your module. You can implement any of the Features hooks in order to override the default CTools exportables integration behavior. **Features integration:** Automatically provided. You may implement any of the Features hooks where you need further customization for your configuration object. If it isn't clear by now, we highly recommend using the [CTools][2] Export API for adding exportables to your module. Stella has written a [fantastic HOWTO][3] on using the CTools Export API that can get you started. An overview of Features hooks ----------------------------- Extensive documentation of the hooks provided by Features is available in `features.api.php`. This section provides a short overview of each hook and its role. - `hook_features_api()` defines one or more component types that are available to Features for export and a variety of settings for each type. - `hook_features_export()` processes a list of components, detecting any dependencies or further components - `hook_features_export_options()` provides an array of components that can be exported for a given type. - `hook_features_export_render()` renders a set of components to code as a defaults hook. - `hook_features_revert()` reverts components of a feature back to their default state. - `hook_features_rebuild()` updates faux-exportable components back to their default state. Only applies to faux-exportables. [1]: http://drupal.org/project/strongarm [2]: http://drupal.org/project/ctools [3]: http://civicactions.com/blog/2009/jul/24/using_chaos_tools_module_create_exportables